The contribution of the kymograph to the description of african languages
نویسنده
چکیده
The kymograph, one of the main devices used in early experimental phonetics, was quickly exploited to describe the sounds of languages in sub-Saharan Africa. By 1926, Doke used this device in its phonetics Zulu, to objectify the description of the main sounds of this language: vowels with epiglottal friction; the difference between aspirated and non-aspirated explosive consonants and consonants he describes as ejectives explosives; the three types alveolar laterals (voiced, voiceless and voiceless lateral); the duration of vowels and the different levels of tones. Doke shows that these are the plots of kymograph which to observe a similarity between the consonant bilabial implosive [ɓ] and clicks. The kymograph plots, presented in Figure 1 show indeed clearly a negative airflow at the release of the implosive and of the dental click contrasting with the positive flow observed after a bilabial explosive consonant (Doke 1926: 60).
منابع مشابه
The contribution of Iran in combating recent Epizootie of African Horse sickness in the Middle-East
متن کامل
Contribution to the knowledge of the alticines from Iran, with description of a new Phyllotreta species (Col.: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)
فون ککهای گیاهی ایران، شامل 59 گونه از 11 جنس ارایه میشود. گونهی Phyllotreta muehlei sp. nov. به عنوان گونهی جدید توصیف شده و 13 گونه برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش میگردند.
متن کاملA Literary Anthroponomastics of Three Selected African Novels: A Cross Cultural Perspective
Names as markers of identity are a source of a wide variety of information. This paper explores the names of characters to show the sociocultural factors which influence the choice of names and the effects that the names of these characters have on the roles they play. Using a variety of personal names from Ayi Kwei Armah’s Fragments, Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood, a...
متن کاملContribution of Academic Vocabulary and Academic Self-Concept to Academic Listening Comprehension of Undergraduate Students of Engineering
The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of academic vocabulary knowledge and academic listening self-concept to the academic listening comprehension of Iranian Engineering students. The participants of this study were 147 undergraduate students at the Iran University of Science and Technology. A revised version of the academic self-concept questionnaire developed by Liu and ...
متن کاملInvestigating Engineering Students’ Academic Reading Comprehension: The Contribution of Attitude, Breadth and Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge
The objectives of this study were to investigate Engineering students’ attitudes and problems in academic reading comprehension and to determine the contribution of academic reading attitude, breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge to academic reading comprehension. The participants were 122 undergraduate students of Engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. The Vocabulary Lev...
متن کامل